Authors:
Mohammad Adil, [1], Fawad Ali [2], Javed Khan [3], Muhammad Shafee [4], Haider Ali Khan [5], Saman Yaqub [6],
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37605/v6i1/1
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37605/v6i1/1
Abstract
Ticks are ectoparasitic arthropods that play a crucial role in transmitting pathogens to humans and animals. This study focused on identifying the morphological diversity of ticks in Swabi, Mardan, and Charsadda districts, known for high tick prevalence in Pakistan. Field surveys were conducted over nine months, collecting tick specimen from forests, grasslands, and residential areas. Specimens were preserved and examined using a stereo-zoom microscope and taxonomic keys to classify them accurately. The study identified various tick species, including hard ticks (Ixodidae), in the study areas. The morphological characteristics of each species, such as body size, color patterns, capitulum shape, and scutum features, were documented. The results showed a diverse tick fauna in the study regions, with some species commonly found across all three districts and others having localized distribution patterns. This study provides valuable data on tick species in the studied districts, which can help in developing of targeted interventions and disease surveillance programs. Overall, the research offers important insights into the morphological identification of ticks in Swabi, Mardan, and Charsadda districts in Pakistan, contributing to tick taxonomy and epidemiology. These findings can serve as a basis for implementing preventive measures and protecting public health in the study regions and beyond.
Authors:
Maryam Zain [1], Iqra Ikram [2],
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37605/v6i1/2
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37605/v6i1/2
Abstract
Green nanotechnology has emphasized green chemistry concepts, and the principles of green Chemistry approach has been instrumental in the creation of modern nanotechnologies for economic, social, and health advantages. Nanotechnology has potential applications in nanocosmetics. This review contains a description of the green synthesis, characterization of silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized using ginger and garlic extract and their applications in cosmetic formulations. Ginger and garlic extract possess strong antioxidative and antimicrobial properties. Citric acid serves as reducing and stabilizing agent in synthesis of nanoparticles. Concentration of NaOH also influence the size and structure of nanoparticles. The present review present various studies for synthesis of antibacterial and antifungal properties of Ag and ZnONPs. In cosmetic formulations, silver nanoparticles can be safely used in preparations of anti-acne, antidandruff, and antimicrobial products which are discussed in the present review. ZnO-NPs are commonly used to treat a number of different skin disorders and have anticancer characteristics. These are nontoxic, skin compatible, antimicrobial and have broad application in cosmetic industry.
Authors:
Muhammad Rahish [1], Hamza Noman [2], Usama Jahangir [3], Hina Asad [4], Malyka Qadir [5], Sara Bashir [6], Abdullah Ghulam Nabi [7], Anam Amir [8], Areeba Naveed [9], Ayesha Khan [10], Safa Adrees [11], Mehreen Fatima [12],
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37605/v6i1/3
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37605/v6i1/3
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer. It is a cancer that originates in the hepatocytes, which are the main functional cells of the liver. HCC typically develops in the context of chronic liver diseases, such as cirrhosis (scarring of the liver tissue) or chronic hepatitis B or C infection. In its early stages, HCC may not cause noticeable symptoms. As the cancer progresses, symptoms may include abdominal pain or discomfort, unexplained weight loss, jaundice, fatigue, and a feeling of fullness in the abdomen. Treatment options for HCC depend on the stage of the cancer and the overall health of the patient. They may include, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and in some cases, chemotherapy. Liver transplantation can be curative for early-stage HCC in select patients
Volume No. 6
Issue No. 01
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